Investigating the role of biophilic design to enhance comfort in residential spaces: human physiological response in immersive virtual environment

This article investigates the impact of biophilic design on physiological stress and comfort in residential indoor environments, responding to growing concerns about reduced nature exposure in modern lifestyles—an issue highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Using immersive virtual environments, 94 participants were exposed to residential spaces with and without biophilic elements such as natural light, ventilation, and greenery. Physiological responses were measured through skin conductance level and blood pressure during relaxation, stress exposure, and recovery phases. The findings demonstrate that biophilic residential environments significantly enhance stress recovery, supporting the integration of nature-inspired design in homes to promote well-being.

Key Findings

• Biophilic residential environments significantly reduced physiological stress, as indicated by lower skin conductance levels.
• Stress recovery was greater in spaces with natural light, ventilation, and greenery compared to non-biophilic environments.
• Blood pressure levels did not significantly differ between biophilic and non-biophilic settings.
• Immersive virtual environments proved effective for evaluating physiological responses to interior design.
• Biophilic design shows strong potential for improving comfort and well-being in residential applications.